Abstract: Min-sum (MS) algorithm is a low-complexity approximation of belief propagation (BP) algorithm, but has a severe decline in decoding performance. To reduce this degradation, Normalized ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

For now, though, variable mortgage rates are the cheapest option, and will be for the majority of 2026, as volatility in the bond market could keep fixed rates elevated.

Abstract: In this letter, a highly accurate approximate approach for the sum of arbitrary correlated Weibull random variables is proposed. Specifically, closed-form approximate expressions for the ...